HeberFERON en el tratamiento de pacientes con carcinoma basocelular en zona de alto riesgo / HeberFERON in the Treatment of Patients with Basal Cell Carcinoma on a High-Risk Zone

Introducción: El carcinoma basocelular es un tumor de invasión local de crecimiento; se origina en las células epidérmicas de los folículos pilosos o las células basales de la epidermis, cuando se localizan en zona de alto riesgo en la cara tienen un mayor índice de recurrencia tumoral y de invasión a estructuras adyacentes y subyacentes. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la aplicación del HeberFERON en pacientes con carcinoma basocelular en zona de alto riesgo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo en pacientes con diagnóstico clínico, dermatoscópico e histopatológico de carcinoma basocelular en zona de alto riesgo, tratados con HeberFERON en la consulta del Policlínico Centro de Sancti Spíritus desde el 12 de enero de 2016 hasta el 25 de marzo de 2022. La muestra quedó conformada por 62 pacientes Las principales variables estudiadas fueron la respuesta al tratamiento y los eventos adversos. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino, el área urbana, fototipocutáneo III y la edad mayor de 40 años. La localización más frecuente fue la nasal; el subtipo clínico el nódulo ulcerativo; el histológico, el sólido; el tumor primitivo y menor de 2 cm; la respuesta al tratamiento fue completa en la mayoría de los pacientes. Los eventos adversos más comunes fueron dolor y ardor en el sitio de inyección, edema y eritema perilesional, fiebre y cefalea. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes tratados con HeberFERON tuvieron una respuesta completa, los eventos adversos fueron los descritos en la literatura por el uso de interferones, sin cambio en la actitud farmacológica(AU)

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is a growing and locally invasive tumor; it originates in the epidermal cells of hair follicles or the basal cells of the epidermis. When located in a high-risk facial zone, they present a higher rate of tumor recurrence and invasion to adjacent and underlying structures. Objective: To evaluate the results of HeberFERON application in patients with basal cell carcinoma on a high-risk zone. Methods: An observational, descriptive and prospective study was conducted in patients with a clinical, dermatoscopic and histopathological diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma on a high-risk zone, treated with HeberFERON in the consultation of Policlínico Centro of Sancti Spíritus, from January 12, 2016 to March 25, 2022. The sample was made up of 62 patients. The main variables studied were response to treatment and adverse events. Results: There was a predominance of the male sex, the urban area, skin phototype III and age over 40 years. The most frequent localization was nasal; the clinical subtype, ulcerative nodule; the histological subtype, solid. The response to treatment was complete in most patients. The most common adverse events were pain and burning at the injection site, perilesional erythema and edema, fever and headache. Conclusions: Most patients treated with HeberFERON had a complete response; the adverse events were those described in the literature due to the use of interferons, with no change in pharmacological behavior(AU)

Epidemiología y características anatomoclínicas del melanoma maligno en un instituto oncológico / Epidemiology and clinical features of malignant melanoma. Analysis of 274 cases

BACKGROUND: Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most fatal cutaneous neoplasm. Its incidence is increasing progressively, which cannot be explained only by early diagnosis. Chilean population, due to the geography of the country, has a very varied solar exposure. AIM: To know the incidence of MM in a Chilean population, according to the level of sun exposure and to describe its clinical and histopathological characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred seventy-four surgeries for malignant melanoma with histological confirmation, carried out between 2016 and 2018 in an oncological institute were included. RESULTS: The annualized incidence of MM was 13.83 cases per 100,000 people over 15 years of age in the 2016-2018 period. The geographical distribution of the incidence did not have a clear relationship with sun exposure. The most frequent locations of the primary lesions were trunk, head/neck and lower limb. Sixty-one per cent of cases were invasive MM; lesion thickness and presence of ulceration were associated with a higher risk of sentinel node involvement. CONCLUSIONS: No association between the level of sun exposure and the incidence of MM was observed in this study.

Análise do perfil clínico de pacientes portadores de neoplasia ocular escamosa atendidos em hospital referência de oculoplástica / Analysis of the clinical profile of patients with squamous ocular neoplasms attended at a reference hospital of oculoplastics

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o perfil clínico de pacientes portadores de neoplasias escamosas da superfície ocular. Métodos Foram avaliados os principais fatores de risco envolvidos na gênese das neoplasias escamosas da superfície ocular, as características clínicas dos pacientes e os hábitos comportamentais associados. Foram incluídos neste trabalho de coorte histórica 80 pacientes com diagnóstico anatomopatológico de neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular atendidos entre os anos de 2010 e 2020 em um hospital referência em oculoplástica e segmento anterior de Santa Catarina. Os dados clínicos e desfechos foram avaliados por meio da análise de prontuário e entrevista, sendo posteriormente tabulados no Excel e submetidos à analise estatística por meio do software Statistical Pakage for the Social Sciences, versão 16. Resultados Foi observado que 73,8% (n=59) eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade da amostra foi de 62 anos. Quanto ao fototipo de pele, de acordo com a escala de Fitzpatrick, constatou-se que a maioria apresentou os fototipos 1 e 2 (22; 27,5% e 44; 55%, respectivamente). Em relação à exposição ocupacional ao sol/radiação, 48% (n=60) apresentaram história de exposição ocupacional, sendo que, destes, 28 pacientes trabalhavam no setor de agricultura. Dos pacientes da amostra, 33 (41,2%) apresentavam histórico pessoal de neoplasias de pele, sendo que, destes, três apresentavam diagnóstico de xeroderma pigmentoso. Quanto ao hábito de uso de fatores de proteção solar, 61% (n=49) da amostra negou o hábito. Foi evidenciada associação estatisticamente significativa entre o hábito de usar fatores de proteção solar e histórico pessoal de neoplasias de pele. Em relação ao tipo de neoplasia escamosa, a maioria dos pacientes (72; 90%) apresentou diagnóstico anatomopatológico de carcinoma espinocelular ocular. Conclusão O perfil clínico epidemiológico dos pacientes portadores de neoplasias escamosas da superfície ocular neste estudo, predominantemente de carcinoma espinoceular ocular, foi de homens, idosos, de pele clara (fototipo 2) e com histórico importante de exposição aos raios solares ultravioleta A e B. Comorbidades imunodepressoras (HIV e transplante de órgão sólido) e doenças dermatológicas (albinismo e xeroderma pigmentoso) associaram-se ao aparecimento das neoplasias escamosas da superfície ocular em idade mais precoce. Em pacientes com histórico pessoal prévio de neoplasias de pele, foi evidenciado o hábito de uso de fatores de protetor solar mais presente em relação aos demais.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the clinical profile of patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasms (OSSN). Methods The main risk factors involved in the genesis of the ocular surface squamous neoplasms, the clinical features, and the behavioral habits associated were evaluated. This historical cohort study included 80 patients with anatomopathological diagnosis of OSSN who were treated between 2010-2020 at a reference hospital in oculoplastic and anterior segment in Santa Catarina. The clinical data and outcomes were evalated through the analysis of medical records and interviews, being later tabulated in Excel and analyzed using the SPSS 16 software. Results Regarding the clinical profile of the patients in the sample, 73.8% (n = 59) were male. The mean age of the sample was 62 years old. As for the skin phototype, according to the Fitzpatrick scale, most of the sample presented the phototype 1 and 2 (27.5% n = 22; and 55% n = 44 respectively). Regarding occupational exposure to the sun / radiation, 48% (n = 60) had history of occupational exposure, and of these, 28 patients worked in the agricultural area. Of the patients of the sample, 33 (41.2%) had a personal history of skin neoplasms, and of these, 3 had diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum. As for the habit of using sun protection factors, 61% (n = 49) of the sample denied the habit. A statistically significant association was evidenced between the habit of using sun protection factors and people's history of skin cancer. Regarding the type of squamous neoplasia, most patients in the 90% sample (n = 72) had an anatomopathological diagnosis of ocular squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion The clinical epidemiological profile of patients with OSSN in this study, predominantly ocular squamous cell carcinoma, was men, elderly, fair-skinned (phototype 2) and with an important history of exposure to UVA and UVB rays. Immunosuppressive comorbidities (HIV, solid organ transplant) and dermatological diseases (albinism, xeroderma pigmentosum) are associated with the appearance of OSSN at an early age. In patients with a previous personal history of skin neoplasms, the habit of using sunscreen factors was more present than in the other patients.

Melanoma amelanótico diseminado / Disseminated amelanotic melanoma

El melanoma amelanótico es una de las neoplasias con mayor índice de mortalidad por su alta agresividad y baja probabilidad diagnóstica. Afecta a la población de todo el orbe, más frecuente en caucásicos, con predisposición genética y factores de riesgo como la exposición al sol. Presenta tasas de supervivencia menor a 10 por ciento a 5 años y de recurrencia elevadas; con evidencia de procesos metastásicos a distancia en órganos como cerebro, tejido celular subcutáneo, pulmón, peritoneo, hueso, lo que ensombrece el pronóstico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 21 años de edad que acude al hospital por presentar lesiones equimóticas, nódulos subcutáneos y cefalea hemicránea izquierda de dos meses de evolución. Se le realizó tomografías de tórax abdomen y resonancia magnética de cráneo y evidenciaron diseminación metastásica. Se realizó estudio histopatológico con inmunohistoquímica que informó melanoma amelanótico(AU)

Amelanotic melanoma is one of the neoplasms with the highest mortality rate because it is highly aggressive and the diagnostic probability is low. It affects the population of the entire globe, more frequent in Caucasians, with genetic predisposition and risk factors such as sun exposure. It presents survival rates of less than 10 percent at 5 years and high recurrence rates; with evidence of distant metastatic processes in organs such as brain, subcutaneous cellular tissue, lung, peritoneum, bone, which casts a shadow on the prognosis. We report the case of a 21-year-old patient who came to the hospital due to ecchymotic lesions, subcutaneous nodules and a two-month evolution of left hemicrania headache. She underwent chest and abdomen tomography and MRI of the skull. They showed metastatic spread. Histopathological study was performed with immunohistochemistry that reported amelanotic melanoma(AU)

Características clínicas y patológicas del carcinoma basocelular palpebral / Clinical and pathological characteristics of basal cell eyelid carcinoma

Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y patológicas del carcinoma basocelular. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de serie de casos en el Servicio de Cirugía Plástica Ocular del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", desde enero del año 2016 a diciembre de 2018. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico histopatológico posoperatorio de carcinoma basocelular en el período de estudio. La muestra quedó conformada por 54 pacientes y se caracterizó según el año del diagnóstico, la edad, el sexo, el color de la piel, la procedencia, el grado de diferenciación celular, el párpado afectado, la localización palpebral, el diagnóstico preoperatorio y el diagnóstico histopatológico posquirúrgico. Resultados: El 57,4 por ciento de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino. El grupo más afectado fue el de 60-79 años con el 53,7 por ciento de los casos, con una edad media de presentación de 54,57 años. El 88,9 por ciento de la muestra fueron de piel blanca. En el 79,6 por ciento se afectó el párpado inferior y en el 64,8 por ciento el tercio interno. El 64,8 por ciento fueron carcinoma basocelular poco diferenciados y la concordancia entre el diagnóstico clínico y el histopatológico fue del 85,2 por ciento. Conclusiones: El carcinoma basocelular es más frecuente en el sexo femenino, en los adultos mayores y en los pacientes de piel blanca. En cuanto al grado de diferenciación celular, es poco diferenciado, y se localiza fundamentalmente en el tercio interno del párpado inferior. Existe concordancia entre el diagnóstico clínico y el histopatológico en la mayoría de los pacientes(AU)

Objective: Describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of basal cell carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted of a case series from the Oculoplastic Surgery Service at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January 2016 to December 2018. The study universe was all the patients with a postoperative histopathological diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma in the period analyzed, from whom a sample 54 patients was selected. The variables analyzed were year of diagnosis, age, sex, skin color, place of residence, degree of cell differentiation, eyelid affected, eyelid location, preoperative diagnosis and postsurgical histopathological diagnosis. Results: Of the patients studied, 57.4 percent were female. The most affected age group was 60-79 years with 53.7 percent of the cases and a mean presentation age of 54.57 years. 88.9 percent of the sample had white skin. The lower eyelid was affected in 79.6 percent and the inner third in 64.8 percent. 64.8 percent were poorly differentiated basal cell carcinomas, whereas agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis was 85.2 percent. Conclusions: Basal cell carcinoma is more common in the female sex, elderly people and white skin patients. In terms of degree of cell differentiation, it is poorly differentiated, and its main location is the inner third of the lower eyelid. In most patients there is agreement between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis(AU)

Mortality from malignant skin melanoma in elderly Brazilians: 2001 to 2016

Abstract Background: Malignant skin melanoma is a serious public health problem, especially among the elderly population. Knowing the dynamics of the mortality rates of this disease in Brazil is essential to support the creation of public health policies. Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of mortality from malignant skin melanoma in elderly people in Brazil, from 2001 to 2016. Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study of mortality rates from malignant skin melanoma in the elderly. The data were obtained from the Mortality Information System, and information related to the population was obtained from the 2010 population census and population estimates from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Mortality coefficients were calculated and simple linear regression analysis of the coefficients was performed by sex and macro-region. Results: A total 12,712 deaths due to malignant skin melanoma in the elderly were registered. The majority (56.8%) occurred in the male population. In females, a tendency of increase in mortality rates due to malignant skin melanoma was observed in the Northeast (p ≤ 0.001), Midwest (p = 0.002), and Brazil as a whole (p = 0.003). In males, an upward trend was observed in all regions, except for the Southeast region. For both sexes, there was also an upward trend in all regions, with the exception of the Southeast region. Study limitations: Secondary databases are directly influenced by the quality of death certificate completion and their heterogeneous scope in Brazilian regions. Conclusion: The increase in mortality indicates a potential public health challenge for the coming decades. The prevention of skin cancer among the elderly should become a priority, mainly through the implementation of preventive measures.

Basal cell carcinoma with compromised margins: retrospective study of management, evolution, and prognosis

Abstract Background: Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common type of malignancy in the Western world, and surgical excision is the preferred approach. The approach adopted in the face of incomplete excisions of basal cell carcinoma is still controversial. Objectives: To compare the number of tumor recurrences after treatment for incompletely excised basal cell carcinoma. Methods: Selection and statistical analysis of medical records of patients who had compromised margins after excision of basal cell carcinoma in a tertiary hospital from 2008 to 2013. Results: A total of 120 medical records were analyzed; the mean age was 69.6 years, and 50% of the patients were female. The most prevalent histological type was nodular; the mean size was 1.1 cm, and the tumor location with the highest incidence was the nose. The lateral margin was the most frequently positive. Clinical follow-up was more widely adopted; only 40 patients underwent a second surgery. The total number of patients who had tumor recurrence was 34 (28.3%). Only the malar location significantly influenced the incidence of recurrence (p = 0.02). The mean follow-up time was 29.54 months, with no significant difference between the follow-ups, although 32.9% of the patients followed-up clinically showed recurrence, against only 20% of those who underwent a second surgery. Study limitations: Mean follow-up time of less than five years and sample size. Conclusions: The presence of compromised margins does not necessarily imply recurrence. Location, tumor size, histological subtype, previous epithelial tumors, and clinical conditions of the patient must be considered when choosing the best treatment option.

Prevalence of premalignant and malignant skin lesions in oculocutaneous albinism patients

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Oculocutaneous albinism describes a group of pigmentary disorders that lead to skin sensitivity and predisposition to skin malignances. Aims: To analyze clinical and epidemiological data in oculocutaneous albinism patients and to determine the prevalence of malignant skin lesions, assessing possible risk factors for skin cancer. METHODS: Cross-sectional study evaluating epidemiological data, habits of sun exposure and sun protection, and clinical examination of albino patients followed in a reference dermatology outpatient clinic in Brasil. Our primary outcome was the occurrence of malignant skin lesions in biopsied tissues. RESULTS: Of 74 patients analyzed, 11 (15%) had one or more suspicious lesions and were biopsied, of which 8 (72.7%) patients presented with basal cell carcinomas, 7 (63.3%) presented with squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 (9%) presented with melanoma. Moreover, 32(43%) patients presented with actinic keratosis. Age, female gender, previous history of sunburn, history of malignant lesions and history of sun exposure without photoprotection were associated with the presence of malignant lesions. Limitations: Unicentric, non-aleatory sample. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of malignant and pre-malignant lesions in this population. Some potentially modifiable risk factors were associated with the occurrence of malignant skin lesions.

Incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer de piel no melanoma en Guayaquil / Incidence and mortality of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Guayaquil

El cáncer de piel viene incrementándose en los últimos años en el Ecuador, a tal punto que se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública. Determinar incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer de piel no melanoma en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Estudio observacional, de diseño de investigación tipo corte transversal. Lugar: cantón Guayaquil, período 2011 a 2015. Los sujetos fueron los pacientes con cáncer de piel no melanoma. Aplicando estadísticas descriptivas con indicadores de tasas y comparación entre variables. Este cáncer en ambos sexos presenta su incidencia en el año 2011 una tasa de 22,26, 2013 con 32,40, 2015 con 30,05 casos por 100.000 habitantes, y la mortalidad en el año 2011 una tasa de 0,77, 2013 con 0,79 y 2015 con 0,77 por 100.000 habitantes. Las mayores tasas de incidencia y mortalidad, en ambos sexos, se obtuvieron mayormente en el grupo de 75 y más años de edad, con tasa de incidencia de 422,7 y tasa de mortalidad de 8,14, seguido del por grupo etario de 60 a 74 años en ambos sexos con tasa de incidencia de 165,67 y de mortalidad de 1,02 por 100.000 habitantes. Conclusiones. El cáncer de piel no melanoma en Guayaquil, en este quinquenio se presentó mayormente en edades de 75 y más años para ambos sexos, observándose su incremento en los últimos años, aunque su mortalidad sea muy baja, se evidencia un problema de relevancia en salud pública.

Skin cancer has been increasing in Ecuador in recent years, to the point that it has become a public health problem today. Determine incidence and mortality of non-melanoma skin cancer in the city of Guayaquil. Observational study, cross-sectional type research design. Place: Guayaquil canton, period 2011 to 2015. The subjects were patients with non-melanoma skin cancer. Applying descriptive statistics with rate indicators and comparison between variables. This cancer in both sexes has in 2011 an incidence rate of 22.26, 2013 with 32.40, 2015 with 30.05 cases per 100 000 inhabitants; and the mortality rate in 2011 of 0.77, 2013 0.79 and 2015 with 0.77 per 100,000 inhabitants. The major Incidence and mortality rates by age group in both sexs were obtained mainly in the age group 75 and over, with an incidence rate of 422.7 and mortality rateo f 8.14, followed by age group 60-74 years in both sexs with incidence rateo f 165.67 and mortality rate of 1.02. In Guayaquil the non-melanoma skin cancer, in this period mostly presented in the age groups over 75 years of age for both sexes, which has been increasing in recent years, although its mortality is very low, shows a problem of relevance in public health.

Canine cutaneous neoplasms in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, Goiás state, Brazil / Neoplasias cutâneas caninas na região metropolitana de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to describe the occurrence and epidemiological features of skin neoplasms diagnosed in dogs in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, Goiás state, Brazil. Diagnoses from dog biopsies from 2011 to 2016 provided by a private veterinary pathology laboratory were analyzed. The main diagnoses were mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and hemangioma. Highest frequency of neoplasms was found in female dogs, dogs aged > 8 years, and purebred dogs, particularly the American Pit Bull Terriers and the Poodles. Most common sites affected by the neoplasms were the limb and the head. Using multiple correspondence analysis, groups of neoplasms were found to be associated with different epidemiological features and the size of the neoplasms was associated with the biological behavior. The results of this study described predispositions and verified the importance of different types of skin neoplasms in dogs in the region being studied.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência e as características epidemiológicas das neoplasias cutâneas em cães na região metropolitana de Goiânia, Goiás. Foram analisados os diagnósticos de um laboratório do setor privado de 2011 a 2016. Mastocitoma, hemangiossarcoma, carcinoma de células escamosas, melanoma maligno e hemangioma representaram os principais diagnósticos. A maioria dos casos ocorreram em cães de raças definidas, fêmeas e com idade >8 anos. American Pit Bull Terrier e Poodle foram as raças mais encontradas. As neoplasias acometeram principalmente regiões de membros e cabeça. Pela análise de correspondência múltipla, associou-se os grupos de neoplasias com diferentes características epidemiológicas e o tamanho da neoplasia com o comportamento biológico. A comparação dos resultados com pesquisas prévias possibilitou confirmar predisposições previamente descritas e verificar a importância dos diferentes tipos de neoplasias cutâneas em cães na região estudada.(AU)

Características clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes con lesiones malignas en la piel / Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with malignant skin lesions

RESUMEN Introducción: el cáncer de piel es una afección común en las zonas expuestas a la luz solar; es la neoplasia maligna más frecuente a nivel mundial y su incidencia ha aumentado en las últimas décadas. Objetivo: describir las características clínico-epidemiológicas en pacientes con lesiones malignas en la piel. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo-transversal en los pacientes atendidos en la consulta de Dermatología del Policlínico Docente «Octavio de la Concepción y la Pedraja, Camajuaní, Villa Clara, año 2016. La muestra estuvo conformada por el total de pacientes diagnosticados clínicamente y por biopsia (160). La información se recopiló a través de un cuestionario y se procesó estadísticamente. Resultados: en las lesiones malignas de la piel: el 52,50 % perteneció al sexo masculino y se incrementó con la edad en ambos sexos. Se observó que la mayoría de los pacientes recibían exposición solar prolongada (61,40 %), durante cuatro o más horas diarias, principalmente los hombres obreros agrícolas (28,75 %), con predominio del fototipo cutáneo III (48,75 %). Las sombrillas son uno de los medios de protección solar más utilizados (16,87 %); mientras que el 32,50 % de los pacientes no utilizaban ninguno. Se constató que la mayoría de estas lesiones estaban localizadas en la región de la nariz (21,25 %). Conclusiones: las lesiones malignas de la piel se incrementan con la edad en ambos sexos. Están relacionadas con la exposición solar prolongada, principalmente en los hombres. Se evidenció un predominio del fototipo cutáneo III en los trabajadores agrícolas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: skin cancer is a common condition in areas exposed to sunlight; it is the most common malignancy worldwide and its incidence has increased in recent decades. Objective: to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics in patients with malignant skin lesions. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in patients seen in the Dermatology consultation at "Octavio de la Concepción y la Pedraja" Teaching Polyclinic, Camajuaní, Villa Clara during 2016. The total number of patients diagnosed clinically and by biopsy (160) constituted the sample. The information was collected through a questionnaire and processed statistically. Results: in malignant skin lesions: 52.50% belonged to male gender and increased with age in both genders. It was observed that most patients received prolonged sun exposure (61.40%), for four or more hours a day, mainly male agricultural workers (28.75%), with predominance of skin phototype III (48.75%). Umbrellas are one of the most used means of sun protection (16.87%); while 32.50% of the patients did not use any. It was found that most of these lesions were located in the region of the nose (21.25%). Conclusions: malignant skin lesions increase with age in both genders. They are related to prolonged sun exposure, mainly in men. A predominance of skin phototype III was evidenced in agricultural workers.

Cáncer de piel no melanoma en adultos mayores de hogares de ancianos, Guantánamo 2017-2019 / Nonmelanoma skin cancer in elderly at nursing homes of Guantanamo from 2017 to 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: En Guantánamo no se ha caracterizado el cáncer de piel en los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes ingresados en los hogares de ancianos "Caridad Jaca" y "San José" de la ciudad de Guantánamo con diagnóstico de cáncer de piel en el periodo 2017-2019. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo y transversal con todos los ancianos (n=256) con cáncer de piel (n=15). Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, lugar de nacimiento y donde vivió, antecedentes patológicos personales, fototipo cutáneo, características de la lesión, diagnóstico clínico, dermatoscópico e histopatológico. Resultados: En el 5,9 % de los ancianos se diagnosticó un cáncer de piel. Fue más común en hombres (53,4 %), con 60 a 79 años (53,4 %), nacidos o que vivieron en áreas urbanas y fototipo cutáneo III (40,0 %). El 100,0 % se expuso a la luz solar, el 86,7 % sin medios de fotoprotección. El cáncer se localizó más en la cara (66,7 %), tenían entre 3 y 4 años de evolución (60,0 %) y el carcinoma basocelular (46,6 %) fue el más frecuente. En el 80,0 % de los casos se apreció correlación diagnóstico clínico, dermatoscópico e histopatológico. Conclusiones: Es baja la frecuencia del cáncer de piel en los ancianos, sin embargo, se requiere prestar más atención al aseguramiento del diagnóstico precoz de esta enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Skin cancer in elderly has not been characterized in Guantanamo. Objective: Characterize the patients admitted to the nursing homes "Caridad Jaca" and "San José" in the city of Guantánamo with a diagnosis of skin cancer in the period 2017-2019. Method: It was conducted an observational, prospective and cross-sectional study with all the elderly (n=256) with skin cancer (n=15). Studied variables: age, sex, place of birth and lived, personal pathological history, skin phototype, characteristics of the lesion, clinical dermatoscopic and histopathological diagnosis. Results: 5.9% of the elderly were diagnosed with skin cancer. It was more common in men (53.4%), range age from 60 to 79 (53.4%), were born or lived in urban areas and with skin phototype III (40.0%). 100.0% of the patients were exposed to sunlight, 86.7% without photo-protection means. The cancer was more localized in the face area (66.7%), had between 3 and 4 years of evolution (60.0%) and basal cell carcinoma (46.6%) was the most frequent. Clinical, dermatoscopic and histopathological diagnosis correlation was observed in 80.0 % of the cases. Conclusions: The rate of skin cancers in erderly is low, however, more attention is needed to ensure early diagnosis of this disease.

Melanoma cutáneo en Uruguay: características clínico-epidemiológicas y sobrevida en cohorte de pacientes de dos centros de referencia en el período 2008-2017 / Cutaneous melanoma in Uruguay: clinical and epidemiological survival in a cohort of patients assisted intwo reference centers between 2008-2017 / Melanoma cutâneo no Uruguai: características clínico-epidemiológicas e sobrevida em uma coorte de pacientes de dois centros de referência no período 2008-2017

Resumen: El melanoma cutáneo es el tumor que más ha aumentado en incidencia en los últimos años. Presenta alta letalidad en estadios avanzados. En nuestro país el promedio anual de casos sería de 129 en hombres, 117 en mujeres, con 50 y 30 muertes anuales respectivamente. Objetivo: describir y analizar el perfil clínico-epidemiológico y sobrevida de una cohorte de pacientes portadores de melanoma cutáneo asistidos en dos centros de referencia en Montevideo en el período comprendido entre 2008 y 2017. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional de cohortes históricas en base a revisión de historias clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de melanoma cutáneo asistidos en el Servicio de Oncología del Hospital de Clínicas y en la Unidad de Oncología cutánea del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer en el período comprendido entre 2008 y 2017, con un seguimiento de los casos hasta el 31 de julio de 2018. Resultados: se analizaron 173 pacientes, mediana de edad 61,2 años (14-89), 50,3% de sexo masculino y 49,7% de sexo femenino. La forma anátomo-clínica nodular fue la más frecuente (32,7%), seguida de la extensiva superficial (28,9%), siendo el resto menos frecuentes. No fue alcanzada la mediana de sobrevida global (SVG), siendo la tasa de SVG a cinco años de 68,5% y a diez años de 54,5%. La mediana de SVG en EIV fue de 12 meses (IC 95% 8,5-21,5). Conclusiones: los resultados de nuestra serie en SVG son similares a los reportados a nivel mundial, al igual que en la mayoría de las características clínico-epidemiológicas. Se trata del primer trabajo con reporte de sobrevida en melanoma cutáneo en nuestro país.

Summary: Cutaneous melanoma is the tumour whose incidence has increased the most in recent years. This condition is highly lethal in advanced stages. In our country the annual average of cases adds up to 129 in men and 117 in women, there being 50 and 30 respectively, every year. Objective: to describe and analyse the clinical and epidemiological profile and survival in a cohort of patients who are carriers of cutaneous melanoma and were assisted in two reference centers in Montevideo between 2008 and 2017. Methods: we conducted a descriptive, retrospective, observational study of historical cohorts, based on a review of the medical records in patients with a diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma assisted in the Oncology Service of the University Hospital and the Skin Oncology Unit of the National Cancer Institute between 2008 and 2017, with a follow-up until March 31, 2018. Results: 173 pacientes were analysed, median age was 61.2 years old (14-89), 50.3% were men and 49.7% were women. Nodular anatomo-clinical presentation was the most frequent form (32.7%), followed by superficial spreading (28.9%), other forms being less frequent. Median global survival was not achieved, global survival after 5 years being 68.5% and 54.5% after 10 years. Median global survival in Stage 4 was 12 months (IC 95% 8.5-21.5). Conclusions: the results in our series are similar to those reported internationally, in terms of global survival, the same as in most of the clinical an epidemiological characteristics. This is the first study with a cutaneous melanoma survival report in our country.

Resumo: O melanoma cutâneo é o tumor cuja incidência mostrou o maior incremento nos últimos anos. Nos estádios avançados apresenta alta letalidade. No Uruguai a média anual de casos seria de 129 em homens, 117 em mulheres, com 50 e 30 casos anuais respectivamente. Objetivo: descrever e analisar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e a sobrevida de uma coorte de pacientes portadores de melanoma cutâneo atendidos em dois centros de referência em Montevidéu no período 2008- 2017. Métodos: um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, observacional de coortes históricas foi realizado baseado na revisão dos prontuários dos pacientes com diagnóstico de melanoma cutâneo atendidos no Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital de Clínicas e na Unidade de Oncologia cutânea do Instituto Nacional del Cáncer no período 2008-2017, com um seguimento até 31/07/2018. Resultados: foram analisados 173 pacientes, com mediana de idade 61,2 anos (14-89), sendo 50,3% do sexo masculino e 49,7% feminino. A forma anátomo-clínica nodular foi a mais frequente (32,7%) seguido pela extensiva superficial (28,9%), as demais formas foram menos frequentes. Não foi possível alcançar a mediana de sobrevida global, sendo a taxa de SVG a 5 anos 68,5% e a 10 anos 54,5%. A mediana de SVG em EIV foi de 12 meses (IC 95% 8,5-21,5). Conclusões: os resultados da série estudada em sobrevida global são similares aos descritos internacionalmente, assim como a maioria das características clínico-epidemiológicas. Este é o primeiro trabalho que informa sobre a sobrevida em melanoma cutâneo no Uruguai.

Melanoma Cutâneo em um Hospital Universitário, 2001-2016 / Cutaneous Melanoma in a University Hospital, 2001-2016 / Melanoma Cutáneo en un Hospital Universitario, 2001-2016

Introdução: O melanoma é a principal causa de morte entre as neoplasias malignas cutâneas primárias. Sua incidência mundial vem aumentando progressivamente, entretanto, existem escassas informações epidemiológicas nacionais. Objetivo: Analisar os perfis epidemiológico e histopatológico de melanomas cutâneos diagnosticados em hospital universitário nos últimos 16 anos. Método: Série histórica de casos de melanoma cutâneo realizada por meio da revisão de prontuários e laudos histopatológicos de 2001 a 2016. Resultados:A frequência manteve-se com média de 2,99 melanomas por mil novos atendimentos ambulatoriais. A casuística foi de 224 melanomas cutâneos em 211 pacientes, brancos (98,6%), mulheres (55,9%), com idade média de 57,3 anos. O tempo médio entre o aparecimento da lesão (desde surgimento da lesão ou desde que a lesão começou a se modificar, relatado pelo paciente) e o diagnóstico foi 4,8 anos. O tamanho predominante foi de 0,5 a 2 cm, acometendo principalmente a região cefálica em indivíduos maiores de 60 anos e troncular naqueles menores de 60 anos. "Outros melanomas" (34,8%) e melanoma extensivo superficial (31,7%) foram os subtipos mais frequentes. A maioria dos casos apresentou índice de Breslow ≤1mm (70%). Os subtipos mais finos (≤1 mm) foram extensivo superficial e lentigo maligno. Melanomas nodulares possuíam Breslow intermediário (1 a 4 mm) ou espesso (≥4 mm) com altas taxas de disseminação e metástase linfonodal. Conclusão: A frequência manteve-se estável. Houve prevalência em população maior de 60 anos. Os subtipos mais frequentes foram "outros melanomas" e extensivo superficial com localização cefálica e troncular em sua maioria.

Introduction: Melanoma is the main cause of death among primary skin neoplasms. The worldwide incidence has been increasing, however there is scarce national epidemiological information. Objective: Analyze the epidemiological and histopathological profile of cutaneous melanomas diagnosed at a university hospital in the last 16 years. Method: Historical series of cutaneous melanoma cases from review of charts and histopathological reports from 2001 to 2016. Results: The mean frequency over the years was 2.99 melanomas for every 1,000 new outpatient visits. The casuistry consisted of 224 cases of cutaneous melanomas in 211 patients, Caucasians (98.6%), women (55.9%), with mean age of 57.3 years. The mean time between onset of the lesion (time since the appearance of the lesion or since it began to change reported by the patient) and diagnosis was 4.8 years. The predominant tumor size was 0.5 to 2 cm, affecting the cephalic region in individuals older than 60 years and torso in those younger than 60 years. "Other melanomas" (34.8%) and superficial spreading melanoma (31.7%) were the predominant subtypes. Most of the cases had Breslow index ≤ 1 mm (70% of patients). The thinnest subtypes (≤ 1 mm) were superficial spreading melanoma and lentigo maligna. Nodular melanomas had intermediate Breslow (1 to 4 mm) or thick (≥ 4 mm) with high dissemination rate and lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: The frequency remained stable. Population below 60 years old had a higher prevalence. The most frequent subtypes were "other melanomas" and extensive superficial located mainly in the cephalic and torso regions.

Introdução: El melanoma es la principal causa de muerte entre las neoplasias malignas cutáneas primarias. Su incidencia mundial ha aumentado progresivamente, sin embargo, la información epidemiológica nacional es escasa. Objetivo: Analizar el perfil epidemiológico e histopatológico de los melanomas cutáneos diagnosticados en un hospital universitario en 16 años. Método: Serie histórica de casos de melanoma cutáneo obtenidos por la revisión de registros médicos e informes histopatológicos de 2001-2016. Resultados: La frecuencia se mantuvo con un promedio de 2,99 melanomas/mil nuevas consultas. La casuística consistió en 224 melanomas cutáneos en 211 pacientes, blancos (98,6%), mujeres (55,9%), con edad media de 57,3 años. El promedio entre la aparición de la lesión (desde la aparición o desde que comenzó a cambiar según informe del paciente) y diagnóstico fue 4,8 años. El tamaño predominante de 0,5 a 2 cm, afectando principalmente la región cefálica en mayores de 60 años y el tronco cuando menores de 60. "Otros melanomas" (34,8%) y melanoma extenso superficial (31,7%) fueron los subtipos más frecuentes. La mayoría de los casos tenía índice de Breslow ≤1 mm (70%). Los más delgados (≤1 mm) fueron lentigo extenso superficial y maligno. Los nodulares tenían Breslow intermedio (1 a 4 mm) o grueso (≥4 mm) con altas tasas de diseminación y metástasis para ganglios linfáticos. Conclusión: La frecuencia se mantuvo estable. Hubo mayor prevalencia en la población menor de 60 años. Los subtipos más frecuentes fueron "otros melanomas" y extensos superficiales con localización principalmente cefálica y del tronco.

Epidemiology of tumors in dogs in the capital of the state of Mexico from 2002-2016 / Epidemiologia de tumores em cães da capital do Estado do México durante o período de 2002-2016

A retrospective and cross-sectional study of canine tumors was performed in the capital of State of Mexico from 2002-2016. Since then, 393 tumors were remitted. Descriptive epidemiology was made from all data: breed, age, sex, and tumor features. Then the risk association between cutaneous and non-cutaneous tumors with variables such as sex, breed, and age were analyzed through an exact Fisher test and Odds ratio. In addition, some characteristics of the canine population were studied under a survey. Of all tumors, skin tumors were the most frequent (59.0%). The group of tumors related to ultraviolet radiation was the most common (15.1%). The frequency of tumors in females was 53%, nevertheless, males had more risk to develop cutaneous tumors (OR=1.88, 1.24-2.84) (0.003). The Pure breeds were the most common (82.5%) and the most frequent age range was > 7 years (54.7%). The survey showed that males (53%) and the age range 1-7 years (62.1%) were the most frequent. Conclusions, age, breed, and sex were identified as the major risk factors for tumorigenesis. Likewise, skin tumors were associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation, probably to the height of the locality (2667mamls).(AU)

Um estudo retrospectivo e transversal dos tumores caninos foi realizado na capital do Estado do México durante o período de 2002-2016. Desde esse período, 393 tumores foram remetidos. Epidemiologia descritiva foi feita com base em todos os dados: raça, idade, sexo e características do tumor. Em seguida, a associação de risco entre tumores cutâneos e não cutâneos com variáveis como sexo, raça e idade foi analisada por meio do teste exato de Fisher e odds ratio. Além disso, algumas características da população canina foram estudadas em uma pesquisa. De todos os tumores, os de pele foram os mais frequentes (59,0%). O grupo de tumores relacionados à radiação ultravioleta foi o mais comum (15,1%). A frequência de tumores no sexo feminino foi de 53%, no entanto os machos apresentaram maior risco de desenvolver tumores cutâneos (OR = 1,88; 1,24-2,84) (0,003). As raças puras foram as mais comuns (82,5%), e a faixa etária mais frequente foi >7 anos (54,7%). A pesquisa mostrou que os machos (53%) e a faixa etária de um a sete anos (62,1%) foram os mais frequentes. Conclusões: idade, raça e sexo foram identificados como os principais fatores de risco para a tumorigênese. Da mesma forma, os tumores cutâneos foram associados à exposição à radiação ultravioleta, provavelmente até a altura da localidade (2667m ANM).(AU)

Recurrence rate of basal cell carcinoma in patients submitted to skin flaps or grafts

Abstract: Background: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer. Although the literature provides a great deal of information on the recurrences of basal cell carcinoma, studies about these indices addressing only the cases in which flaps and/or grafts have been performed for surgical reconstruction of the excision of this tumor are still lacking. Objectives: To evaluate rates of recurrence of basal cell carcinoma submitted to conventional surgery with pre-established margins and reconstruction by flaps or grafts. Methods: A retrospective and observational study was performed through the analysis of 109 patients, who met inclusion criteria with 116 basal cell carcinomas submitted to conventional surgery and pre-established safety margins, requiring reconstruction through a graft or cutaneous flap. This work was performed the small surgeries sector of Dermatology of the Specialty Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital of the State University of Londrina, between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2015. The following data were collected and inserted in an Excel worksheet: name, registration number of the hospital patient, sex, age, tumor location, histopathological type of BCC, procedure performed (type of flap and/or graft), follow-up time, recurrence. Results: Of the 116 procedures, there were recurrences in 3 cases (2.6%) that were located in the nasal region and related to sclerodermiform or micronodular histological types. Study limitations: Retrospective nature of the study. Conclusion: The present study of the dermatology department of this university hospital showed a low rate of recurrence of basal cell carcinoma in cases where flaps and/or grafts were used in the surgical reconstruction.

HLA alleles in renal transplant recipients with nonmelanoma skin cancer in southeastern Brazil

Abstract: Background: Renal transplant recipients are submitted to immunosuppression to avoid graft rejection, which makes them susceptible to various conditions. Furthermore, these individuals present malignant tumors more frequently than the general population, including nonmelanoma skin cancer. The individual genetic basis that acts in the pathogenesis of cutaneous cancer may present a protection or susceptibility factor for disease development. One of these factors is the HLA complex. Objective: To investigate HLA alleles association to the occurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in renal transplant recipients from São Paulo State. Methods: A total of 213 patients (93 renal transplant recipients with nonmelanoma skin cancer and 120 renal transplant recipients without nonmelanoma skin cancer) were evaluated by retrospective and cross-sectional study. Epidemiological, clinical and HLA typing data were found in databases. HLA class I (A, B) and class II (DR) alleles were compared to establish their association with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Results: Comparing renal transplant recipients with and without nonmelanoma skin cancer, the HLA-B*13 allele was associated with higher risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer while B*45 and B*50 alleles were associated with protection. Study limitations: The HLA A, B and DR alleles identification for the kidney transplantation routine is done by low and medium resolution techniques that do not allow discrimination of specific alleles. Conclusion: The involvement of HLA alleles in nonmelanoma skin cancer in renal transplant recipients was confirmed in this study. Renal transplant recipients with HLA-B*13 showed higher risk for developing a skin cancer (OR= 7.29) and should be monitored for a long period of time after transplantation.

Sun exposure, skin lesions and vitamin D production: evaluation in a population of fishermen

Abstract: Background: Exposure to UVR provides benefits related to vitamin D synthesis, but also causes harms, since UVB is considered a complete carcinogen. There is no definition of the level of sun exposure and the proportion of exposed body required for proper synthesis of vitamin D in the skin without causing it damage. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the sun exposure index, vitamin D levels and clinical changes in the skin caused by constant sun exposure in the fishermen population. Methods: It is a cross-sectional, observational and analytical study. The sample consisted of fishermen and was calculated in 174 individuals. The questionnaire was applied, the dermatological examination was carried out and the examinations of calcidiol, parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus were requested. Data were expressed as percentages. The comparative analysis was done through the Chi-square test, and the correlations were established through the Pearson's linear coefficient. Results: We observed that there was vitamin D deficiency in a small part of the cases (11.46%), and the frequency of diagnosis of skin cancer was 2.7% of the cases surveyed. Study Limitations: The difficulty in categorizing the sun exposure index. Conclusion: The fact that fishermen expose themselves to the sun chronically and have been exposed to the sun for more than 15 years, between 21 and 28 hours a week, and without photoprotection, were indicative factors for protection against vitamin D deficiency. Chronic exposure to sun and high vitamin levels D may be indicative of protection of this population against skin cancer.